Carlos Alberto Torres. (1995). In Critical Theory and Educational Research (pp. 237-255). MaLaren, P. & Giarelli, J. (Eds.). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Torres finds the origin of PAR in Latin America largely in Freire's pedagogy of liberation. PAR is particularly prevailing in adult education, which takes a form of cultural action offered to consenting and self-motivating adults. The central objective of this action is by and large described as 'conscientization', meaning critical consciousness as forms of class knowledge and practices from a Freirian perspective. Adult education not only provides direct needs of communities where the participants belong, but also constitutes an instrument of mobilization and the development of political consciouness in the transition to socialism in Latin America, Torres argues. He asserts that although questions regarding its methodology and paradignamic position in educational research, PAR is a major contributor to emancipatory, problem-posing education throughout Latin America now.
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- Kay Yang
- Compose yourself, then compose. Every frame is a moment of now. Take nothing for granted. By all means, try all means. When it doubt, cut. Attain the inevitable. Allness is ripe--from a wall of a film editing room.