Theorizing Audience, Products and Provocation

Michelle Fine & María Elena Torre. (2008). In Peter Reason & Hilary Bradbury (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Action Research Participative Inquiry and Practice (pp. 407-419). LA, London, New Delhi, and Singapore: Sage Publications.

Describe PAR products as "counter-hegemonic 'weapons of mass instruction'" (p. 407), Fine and Torre write, "PAR is explicitly political" (p. 417), thus call for critical deliberation about the ethics of provocation in relation to vulnerability of participants and social justice.